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A young boy sits on a bean bag chair facing a woman. She is wearing glasses and holding a clipboard and pen, taking notes. They are sitting in an office set up for children.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that impacts 1 in 31 children and 1 in 45 adults in the United States. Those with autism experience the world in a different way than what is considered typical, impacting communication, information processing, behavior, and relationships. Because it exists over a wide spectrum, each person has their own specific set of strengths, challenges, and support needs. With that support in place, however, those living with ASD can build skills, navigate challenges, and improve their day-to-day lives.

Key Characteristics and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism can vary drastically from person to person, which is why it’s known as a spectrum. With such a wide range of different strengths and challenges, no two people with autism present exactly the same. Even so, there are many common characteristics that can indicate autism. These include:

Social / Communication

  • Difficulty with eye contact
  • Delayed speech or nonverbal communication
  • Trouble understanding social cues
  • Difficulty with peer relationships
  • Struggling with imaginative play
  • Displaying facial expressions and/or gestures that don’t relate to verbal statements
  • Difficulty with back-and-forth conversations
  • Difficulty interpreting emotions
  • Delayed response to someone calling their name

Behavioral

  • Repetitive behaviors
  • Repeating words and phrases (echolalia)
  • Having intense special interests in specific topics
  • Struggle with transitions
  • Difficulty adapting to change in routine or expectations
  • Emotional dysregulation
  • Sleep problems
  • Irritability

Sensory

  • Easily overstimulated
  • Sensory input sensitivity (lights, sounds, temperature, texture)
  • Sensory food aversions (texture, smell, taste)
  • Stimming, a self-regulating sensory behavior (hand flapping, spinning, rocking back and forth)

Of course, it’s important to understand that not every person on the Autism spectrum will show these signs, but they are common indicators.

How Is Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosed?

Autism is most often recognized and diagnosed in early childhood. Pediatricians screen for autism during childhood well-check visits, usually at the 18-month and 24-month appointments, or as needed based on parental concern. If autism is suspected, it will be recommended to make an appointment with a specialist with the credentials to evaluate and diagnose autism. Because autism is so complex and varying, diagnosis comes after a thorough process that includes:

  • Parental observation
  • Teacher observation, if applicable
  • Professional observation
  • Developmental history
  • Standardized assessments based on DSM-5 criteria
  • Clinical assessments like Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Obtaining an official diagnosis is an important step toward establishing support for an individual with autism. While most people are diagnosed during childhood, there has been an increase in adult diagnosis as autism is more widely understood. An adult diagnosis follows a similar path, starting with a primary care provider to rule out other conditions, and proceeding on to a specialist for a formal evaluation.

Supporting Individuals with Autism

Autism has no cure, but there are many ways to manage and support living with ASD. The best approach often includes a combination of efforts specific to the individual, all aimed at reducing symptoms that interfere with daily life. This may include, but is not limited to:

  • Occupational Therapy
  • Speech and Language Therapy
  • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
  • Visual Aids
  • Communication Devices
  • Educational Supports
  • Individual Therapy
  • Family Therapy

Living with autism can be difficult, both for the individual and their loved ones. It takes time, effort, and specialized support to find a balance that works best. At Peak Psychological Services, we support autistic individuals through evidence-based therapy that we match based on their specific goals and needs. Treatment focuses on regulating emotions, handling anxiety, strengthening family relationships, and creating appropriate coping skills.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a form of talk therapy that aims to help people manage emotions, anxiety, and depression. This is done through learning how to identify negative thoughts, challenge them, and replace them with more realistic versions. This can help those with autism ease social anxiety, challenge negative thought processes, and discover ways to cope that make sense for them.

Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT)

Emotion Focused Therapy can offer a safe, supportive place for families to navigate an autism diagnosis by working to improve communication, strengthen connection, and find the healthiest ways for interaction.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a modified type of CBT that helps patients regulate their emotions, create healthy coping skills, and improve their relationships with others. When it comes to autism, emotions can feel very strong and overwhelming. DBT can help manage emotions, sensory overload, and deal with overwhelming feelings.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has a focus on acceptance as a way to cope with negative thoughts or circumstances. For those on the autism spectrum, the goal is to increase psychological flexibility while encouraging healthy activities that align with personal values to make life more meaningful.

Finding the right support is a crucial step in managing Autism Spectrum Disorder, both for the individual who has been diagnosed and for their families. We don’t believe in a one-size-fits-all approach, and will find the right therapeutic path for each individual.

Autism Spectrum Disorder Support in Colorado

At Peak Psychological Services, we understand the complex nuances that come with an autism diagnosis. We have an experienced team licensed in evidence-based treatments that can help navigate the world of ASD more smoothly – for the whole family. We will work together with you to determine the best route to take that aligns with your goals and specific needs, finding a path together toward a more regulated, healthy state of mind. If you’re looking for autism support in Colorado, schedule your free 15-minute complimentary consultation with Peak today.

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